Hei pūtake hiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ao ahumahi, ko te hau kōpeke te 10%~35% o te katoa o te kaha e pau ana i roto i te hanga ahumahi. 96% o te kaha e pau ana i te pūnaha hau kōpeke ko te kaha e pau ana i te compressor ahumahi, ā, ko te kaha e pau ana i te tau o te compressor ahumahi i Haina e neke atu ana i te 6% o te katoa o te kaha e pau ana i te motu. Ko ngā utu whakahaere compressor hau e ai ki ngā utu hoko, ngā utu tiaki me ngā utu whakahaere pūngao, e ai ki te ariā o te aromatawai huringa ora katoa, ko ngā utu hoko he tata ki te 10% anake, ko te utu pūngao he teitei ki te 77%. E whakaatu ana tēnei me kaha te whakapai ake a Haina i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga pūngao o te pūnaha hau kōpeke i te wā e whakahaere ana i te hanganga ahumahi me te ōhanga.
I te hohonu haere o te māramatanga ki ngā hiahia o ngā umanga ki te penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga, he mea nui kia whiriwhiria te hangarau e tika ana mō te pūnaha o nāianei hei whakatutuki i ngā hua penapena pūngao pai rawa atu. I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mō ngā umanga ahumahi o Haina ko te hiahia mō te whakahoutanga penapena pūngao e ahu mai ana i ngā āhuatanga e toru e whai ake nei:
Ko te nui rawa o te whakapaunga hiko o te pūngao hau i roto i te pūngao o te umanga; ko te kore pumau o te tuku o te pūnaha hau kōpeke, ngā rerekētanga o te pēhanga me ētahi atu pānga ki te mahi noa o ngā taputapu; me te whānui haere o te tauine whakaputa, ka arotau te umanga o te pūnaha hau kōpeke taketake i te whakawhiti kia urutau ki te tipu o te tono. Nā te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha hau kōpeke umanga me te hangarau penapena hiko e tika ana, kia pai ake ai te angitu o te whakawhiti, kāore e taea te whakatinana matapo i te whakawhiti penapena hiko. He mea nui rawa te whiriwhiri i ngā mehua penapena hiko e tika ana i runga i te tātari whānui, te whakamātautau me te aromatawai i te pūnaha katoa. Kua tātarihia, kua tūhuratia hoki e ngā kaituhi ngā āhuatanga me te whānuitanga o te tono o ētahi hangarau penapena hiko o nāianei me ngā hangarau hou mā te rangahau i te whakamahinga o te hau kōpeke i roto i te tini o ngā umanga ahumahi.
Rautaki Penapena Pūngao Pūnaha
I runga i te ariā o te aromatawai i te whakapaunga pūngao o te pūnaha hau me te tātari i te ngaronga pūngao, mai i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te hanganga o te pūnaha, ka mahia ngā mahi penapena pūngao whānui penei:
Te whakaputa hau kōpeke. Te whirihoranga me te tiaki tika o ngā momo kōpeke, te arotau i te aratau mahi, te whakahaere i ia rā o ngā taputapu purenga hau. Te kawe i te hau kōpeke. Te arotau i te whirihoranga whatunga paipa, te wehenga o ngā paipa tuku pehanga teitei me te iti; te tirotiro wā-tūturu i te tohatoha kai hau, te tirotiro i ia rā me te whakaiti i te turuturu, te whakapai ake i te ngaronga pehanga i ngā hononga. Te whakamahinga o te hau kōpeke. Te whakapai ake i te ara iahiko taraiwa rango, te whakamahi i ngā hua penapena-pūngao i whakawhanakehia mō tēnei umanga, pērā i ngā takirere penapena-hau motuhake mō te pupuhi i ngā rango i roto i te umanga konumohe hiko, me ngā pū hau me ngā pūhau penapena-pūngao. Te whakaora wera para kōpeke. Ko te wera i puta i te wā kōpeketanga hau ka whakahokia mai mā te whakawhiti wera, me ētahi atu, ā, ka whakamahia mō te whakamahana āwhina me te whakamahana tukanga, me ētahi atu.
Te whakaputanga o te hau kōpeke
1 Te penapena pūngao o te pūwero hau kotahi
I tēnei wā, ko ngā pūwero hau e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te ahumahi e wehea ana ki te tauhohe, te tohanga me te tīwiri. Kei te whakamahia tonutia te momo tauhohe i roto i te nui o te rahinga i roto i ētahi umanga tawhito; he whānuitia te momo tohanga i roto i ngā umanga kakahu he pumau te mahi me te tino pai, engari ka tere te piki haere ina huri ohorere te pēhanga o te pūnaha. Ko ngā mahi matua e whakamahia ana ko: te whakarite kia ma te hau kawemai, inā koa ko ngā umanga kakahu kia pai te mahi tātari matotoru, kia tātarihia ai te maha o ngā muka poto i te hau. Whakaitihia te pāmahana tomo o te pūwero hau kia pai ake ai te pai. He nui te pānga o te pēhanga hinu hinu whakahinuhinu ki te wiri o te rotor centrifuge, me te whiriwhiri i te hinu whakahinuhinu kei roto ngā kaihoko ārai-huka me ngā kaiwhakaū waikura. Kia aro ki te kounga o te wai whakamatao, te tukunga wai whakamatao tika, me te whakakī wai kua whakaritea. Me tuku tonu ngā wāhi tukunga hauhautanga o te pūwero hau, te whakamaroke, te tāke rokiroki me te whatunga paipa. Hei ārai i te whewhe i puta mai i ngā huringa tere o te hiahia hau, me ētahi atu, kia aro ki te whakarerekē i te awhi ōwehenga me te wā whakauru i whakatakotoria e te waeine, me te ngana ki te karo i te whakahekenga ohorere o te whakamahinga hau. Kōwhiria he centrifuges e toru ngā wāhanga he pānga penapena hiko whakamiharo, me te ngana ki te whakamahi i ngā motuka pēhanga teitei hei whakaiti i ngā ngaronga raina me te pupuri i te pikinga pāmahana o te teihana pēhanga hau kia iti.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te pūwero hau tīwiri, ko te arotahi ki te whakataurite i te aratau whakahaere pūwero hau tīwiri: tātarihia te uta/te tango i te pūwero hau o nāianei me ngā raruraru whakahaere pēhanga pumau, ka taea te whakatau: whakawhirinaki ki ngā tikanga miihini mō te whakahaere i te takirere whakauru, kāore e taea te whakarite tere me te tonu o te tuku hau. Ina huri tonu te nui o te hau, ka tino rerekē te pēhanga tuku. Ka whakamahia te mana auau parakore hei whakataurite i te piki me te heke o te kai hau i roto i te wheketere mā te tāpiri i te kaitahuri auau hei whakarite i te whakaputanga hau o te pūwero hau. Ko te ngoikoretanga he pai te pūnaha mō te āhuatanga kāore i te nui te piki me te heke o te kai hau o te wheketere (ko te piki me te heke he 40% ~ 70% o te nui o te whakaputanga hau mīhini kotahi, ā, ko te pānga penapena pūngao te mea tino nui).
2 Pūnaha whakahaere tohunga mō te rōpū hau kōpeketanga
Kua huri te pūnaha whakahaere tohunga o te rōpū pūwero hau hei hangarau hou mō te whakahaere me te penapena pūngao o te rōpū pūwero hau. Ka whakahaerehia te pūnaha whakahaere kia rite ki ngā panonitanga o te pēhanga, te tīmatanga me te whakamutu o ngā pūwero hau rerekē, te uta me te tango i ngā pūwero hau, me ētahi atu, kia mau tonu ai te pūnaha ki te maha me te kaha tika o te pūwero e mahi ana.
Mā te pūnaha whakahaere kāinga, mā te whakahaere i te kaitahuri auau, ka taea te whakarerekē i te tere o te kotahi pūwero hau i roto i te pūnaha tuku hau pēhanga-iti o te wheketere hei whakahaere i te wā whakaputa hau o te waeine pūwero hau, ka taurite te pūnaha tuku hau pēhanga-iti o te wheketere me ngā rerekētanga iti o te nui o te hau. Ko te tikanga, ko te whiriwhiri i te huringa auau o te pūwero hau, me whakahaere e te pūnaha ngaio he whakamātautau whānui me te tatau hei whakatau. Mā te tātari me te whakataurite i runga ake nei, ka kitea: he maha ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga pūngao o tā mātou pūnaha hau pēhanga. Ka taea anake te whakatutuki i te pānga penapena pūngao mā te whakakotahi me te whakahaere o te pūnaha hau pēhanga a te umanga, me whakamātautau katoa me te aromatawai e ngā tohunga i mua i te whakamahinga. He tino pai te pūnaha whakahaere tohunga o te rōpū pūwero hau mō ngā pūwero hau maha e rere ana i te wā kotahi, ko te whakatinanatanga o te whirihoranga huinga taahiraa, ka taea te whakatutuki pai i ngā hiahia o ngā umanga.
3 whakapai ake i te tukanga whakamaroke hau kōpeke
I tēnei wā, ko te taputapu whakamaroke me te tukatuka hau kōpeke e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā umanga ko te momo pouaka whakamātao, te momo whakaora kore wera me te momo hiato whakaora wera-iti, ko te whakataurite mahi matua e whakaaturia ana i te ripanga i raro nei.
Ko te whakarerekētanga penapena-pūngao o te rārangi parepare kia whai i ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei: Mena he tino teitei rawa te parakore o te pūnaha taketake o te hau, hurihia ki tētahi maimoatanga ōrite iti iho. Whakapai ake i te tukanga whakamaroke, whakaitihia te ngaronga pēhanga o te hononga maimoatanga whakamaroke (te ngaronga pēhanga i te whakamaroke o ētahi pūnaha tae atu ki te 0.05 ~ 0.1MPa), whakaitihia te whakapaunga pūngao.
Te kawe i te hau kōpeke
Kaua te pūnaha paipa 1 e neke ake i te 1.5% o te pēhanga mahi. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā teihana pēhanga hau kāore he paipa tuatahi me te tuarua, he maha rawa ngā tuke me ngā piko kāore e tika ana, he maha ngā pao o te pēhanga, ā, he nui te ngaronga o te pēhanga. Ko ētahi o ngā paipa hau kei roto i te awaawa, ā, kāore e taea te aroturuki mō te turuturu. Hei whakarite i te hiahia pēhanga pūnaha ahakoa pēhea, ka whakanuia e ngā kaimahi whakahaere mahi te pēhanga whakahaere o te pūnaha katoa mā te 0.1~0.2MPa, ka puta he ngaronga pēhanga horihori. Mō ia pikinga 0.1MPa o te pēhanga putanga hau, ka piki ake te whakapaunga hiko o te hau mā te 7%~10%. I taua wā anō, ka whakanuia te turuturu o te hau e te pikinga o te pēhanga pūnaha. Ngā mahi whakahou penapena pūngao: te huri i te paipa o te whakaritenga peka ki te whakaritenga koropiko, te whakatinana i te wehenga o te tuku hau pēhanga teitei me te iti, me te tāuta i te waeine waipuke tika pēhanga teitei me te iti; I te wā whakahoutanga penapena-pūngao, hurihia te paipa me te ātete ā-rohe nui, whakaitihia te ātete o te paipa, me te pure i te pakitara o roto o te paipa mā te horoi waikawa, te tango waikura, me ētahi atu, kia maeneene ai te pakitara o te paipa.
2 Te turuturu, te kimi turuturu me te mono
He nui te turuturu o te nuinga o ngā wheketere, ka eke te nui o te turuturu ki te 20%~35%, ka puta te nuinga ki ngā takirere, ki ngā hononga, ki ngā takitoru, ki ngā takirere solenoid, ki ngā hononga miro me te uhi o mua o te rango o ia taputapu whakamahi hau; ko ētahi o ngā taputapu ka mahi i raro i te pēhanga nui, ka wete aunoa, ka puta pinepine. Ko te kino i puta mai i te turuturu he mea tata ki tua atu i te whakaaro o te nuinga o te tangata. Pērā i te teihana whakarewa ira o te motuka o te para whakarewa i roto i te paipa hau i puta mai i te kōhao iti he 1mm te whānui, ko te ngaronga hiko ā-tau tae atu ki te 355kWh, tata rite ki te hiko ā-tau o ngā whānau e rua, e toru ngā mema. Ngā tikanga penapena hiko: Tāutahia he pūnaha whakahaere ine rere mō te paipa tuku hau o te awheawhe whakaputa matua hei whakatau i te rohe o te whakamahinga tukanga. Whakatikatikahia te kai hau tukanga, whakaitihia te maha o ngā takirere me ngā hononga, me te whakaiti i ngā wāhi turuturu. Whakapakarihia te whakahaere me te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ngaio mō ngā tirotiro auau. I roto i ngā kupu poto, ka taea e ngā umanga te whakamahi i ētahi taputapu whakamātautau ngaio pērā i te taputapu kite turuturu hau atamai urunga whakarara, te pū matawai ira turuturu, me ētahi atu, hei mahi i ngā mahi hei ārai i te pūnaha hau kōpeke kei oma, kei mōrearea, kei turuturu, kei turuturu rānei, ā, ka taea te mahi i ngā mahi tiaki me te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga.
Te whakamahinga o te hau kōpeke
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pū hau i roto i ngā tukanga whakaoti hanga, ngā mahi miihini me ētahi atu wāhi tukanga, ā, e 50% o te katoa o te hau e whakamahia ana i ētahi wāhi ahumahi te hau e pau ana. I roto i te whakamahinga, ka kitea ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te roa rawa o te paipa hau, te teitei rawa o te pēhanga, te whakamahi i te paipa parahi tika hei pūwero me te whakanui kore mana o te pēhanga mahi e ngā kaimahi o mua, ka nui te moumou hau.
He mea nui ake te whakamahinga koretake o te hau i roto i ngā taputapu hau, pērā i te whakatau mēnā kei te mau te mea mahi ki te wāhi e kitea ai te pēhanga hau, te tuku hau o te kaihanga korehau, me ētahi atu. Ko te āhuatanga tuku hau korekore o Zun ina kore e mahi. Kei te kitea ēnei raruraru, inā koa i roto i ngā tāke matū me ētahi atu hau e whakamahia ana mō te whakaranu, me te hanga potae, pērā i te pupuhi momo. Ngā mahi whakahou penapena hiko: Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu penapena hiko hou me ngā pū hau momo-pā. Te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hau motuhake i roto i ngā ahumahi motuhake, pērā i te ahumahi konumohe hei whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o te takirere penapena hau motuhake o te rango pupuhi.
Te whakaora i te wera para o te pēhi hau
E ai ki te aromatawai i te huringa ora katoa, e 80%~90% o te pūngao hiko e pau ana i ngā pūwero hau ka hurihia hei wera, ka marara. Ko te tohatoha o te wera hiko e pau ana i te pūwero hau e whakaaturia ana i te pikitia i raro nei, ki te kore e whakaurua te wera e tukuna ana ki te taiao, ā, e rongoatia ana i roto i te hau kōpeke, ka taea te whakamahi i te toenga 94% o te pūngao hei whakaora i te wera para.
Ko te whakaora i te wera para mā te whakawhiti wera me ētahi atu tikanga tika mō te whakaora wera o te tukanga pēhi hau e whakamahia ana hei whakamahana i te hau, i te wai rānei, te whakamahinga noa pēnei i te whakamahana āwhina, te whakamahana tukanga me te whakamahana wai whakakī-mua i te kohua. Mēnā he pai ake ngā whakapainga, ka taea te whakaora me te whakamahi i te 50% ki te 90% o te kaha wera. Mā te tāutanga o ngā taputapu whakaora wera ka taea te whakahaere pai i te pāmahana mahi o te pēhi hau i te pāmahana mahi tino pai, kia pai ake ai te āhua mahi hinu hinu, ā, ka piki ake te nui o te putanga o te pēhi hau mā te 2%~6%. Mō te pēhi hau whakamatao-hau, ka taea e koe te whakamutu i te pā whakamatao o te pēhi hau ka whakamahi i te papu wai e rere ana hei whakaora i te wera; ka taea te whakamahi i te pēhi hau whakamatao-wai hei whakamahana i te wai matao, i te whakamahana wāhi rānei, ā, ko te tere whakaora he 50%~60%. Ko te whakaora wera para e pā ana ki ngā taputapu whakamahana hiko he tata kore e pau te kaha; e pā ana ki ngā taputapu wahie hau kore tukunga, he huarahi ma, he pai hoki mō te taiao ki te penapena kaha. I runga i te ariā o te tātari ngaronga kaha o te pūnaha hau pēhi, ka tātarihia, ka whakarāpopototia te āhuatanga whakamahinga hau koretake o nāianei me ngā mehua penapena kaha o te umanga. I roto i te panonitanga penapena-pūngao hinonga, ko te tuatahi mō ngā pūnaha rerekē ki te mahi whakamātautau me te aromatawai taipitopito, i runga i te kaupapa nei mā te tono i ngā mahi arotau tika hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga penapena pūngao, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūnaha hau kōpeke katoa.
Wā tuku: Maehe-02-2024